Voices Forum front page //// articles //// Personal Stories //// Views on Severe Mental Illness //// site index
AN ENDURING EPISODE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
By Andrew L
Coughing, traffic, laughter and possibly a few remarks or
comments have been for me the most frightening aspects of my diagnosed schizophrenia.
Coughing was a source of distress for me and, while I do
recognise that it can
be a very real symptom of physical conditions like asthma or
bronchitis or even
the common cold, I thought that people were doing it deliberately
to cause
emotional pain and uncertainty. It could put me out of
countenance to such an
extent that I felt my face was clouded over with a literal
darkness. No rosy,
healthy hue for me. I felt ugly and wretched. I feared the noise
of traffic and
lived in dread of drivers sounding their horns. My head would at
times beat
with the awful sound of passing cars, buses and lorries.
Motorbikes too. It
wasn't so much a fear of the actual steel or metal but I feared
the drivers were
enjoying driving their vehicles to cause distress. Trains running
on a timetable
were not such a threat to me. Walking down the street and feeling myself the target of
pedestrians coughing
en passant, sometimes quite vigorously, and having also the fear
of cars and
horns and the rush of wheels were sensations that could overwhelm
me. At best
I faced it all with a kind of dull, resentful endurance. I felt
dazed, confused and pierced by pain. I'll always remember when
these fears first took hold, the first coughs, the first car, the
first few laughs. Did those people actually lie in wait for me,
to pounce like tigers on the hunt, or was that just my
imagination? What pleasure could there possibly be in hurting someone that
way? How can I
explain the complete indifference of passers-by? And what of my
sheer terror
at times, when I felt as though colleagues were trying to murder
me, and my
voice ascended in pitch to a shrill thin squeak and it seemed
there was no way
out?
Even in the simple things like walking down the street, life
became a nightmare,
with obstacles in the form of people and vehicles. The street
where I live now
has busy traffic, and the neighbours talk of traffic-calming
measures, but for
most hours of the day and night sixteen or so buses sweep past in
each direction. I also work in a community pharmacy shop and
there is not shortage of people coughing. Those wouldn't be ideal
circumstances for a relapse and return of symptoms. These worries were my betes noirs, bug-bears, weak spots,
vulnerabilities - call
them what you like. I went downwards in mood and intellect,
numbed by these
distracting noises. Mine was an illness. It may be that parallel
cases exist, but I have often felt alone, quite alone, in my
grief. I believe that such feelings cannot be unusual and I
believe that fear of noises may even be commonplace - that is,
perhaps, my madness speaking - but it is just that, as one French
philosopher put it, 'The greatest griefs are dumb, silent".
What a symptom iceberg exists out there, I wonder. I was someone
in an isolated position, and no amount of talking with health
professionals could alleviate the pain. In my madness, I wrote half a dozen or so letters to old
acquaintances, people
from school and university and so on, intending out of best
motives to warn
them of these things that I considered dangerous man-traps, never
expecting any
reply. I thought myself frank and courageous. Over the years
though, I have
been pained by their silence. Like the innocent, dewy-eyed,
letter-writing
Tatyana of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, I
have pined
in secret fashion.
I sometimes wonder if this sense of isolation has contributed to
the passive,
negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Having no proper comeback on
my active
or positive symptoms, that is the fear of coughing and traffic
and such, I begin
to withdraw emotionally from life; to disengage; to retreat. This
lack of support and the feeling of being let down don't help when
you are on your back in a mental hospital. I felt like someone in a kind of coma, in complete prostration of
mind and body.
Being like that I always say is possibly good preparation for
death, but you had
better take that one up with The Almighty. It is like being under
a concrete
blanket, as a fellow sufferer once said. It's sad, but it happens
all over the
world. There is nothing particularly romantic about schizophrenia.
It wastes
lives. In my case I feel that the cause of my fear of these noises was
rooted in a couple of incidents, triggers, from when I was
younger. Once I suspected I was seen when I picked up some
tattered pieces of pornography by the side of the road on the
outskirts of Cambridge. I felt abashed and embarrassed. On
another
memorable occasion I felt I was seen by a manager at work
flirting with a
woman. I can't even recall who. I was puffed up like a puri in
the trouser
department. If you don't know what an Indian puri is, look it up
in a recipe
book or, better, go for a curry some time. I offended as a man
and I hope I can
be forgiven my offences as I never persisted as a devil. I
certainly never
intended any harm. To compound matters and to add a sharper edge
to the occasion, the manager who saw me had earlier given me a
very poor performance review, marking me with poor man management
skills, under point l(a). Anyway, mine were only mild sexual misdemeanours. I can't begin
to imagine
what it is like to have committed a capital offence like rape and
find oneself
serving time in a jail where sexual offenders are given a hard
time. To add
some more piquancy to my case, one of my psychiatrists was
dismissed from
his job for various nefarious activities, including trying to
rape a patient.
Imagine how I felt as I was having breakfast at the Sunshine Cafe
and reading
about it in The Sun. "Oooh? I say? The wicked old so-and-so". With me, the incidents were a cause of guilt and embarrassment.
In my mind
there is a connection between the sexual guilt and my paranoid
fear of traffic,
coughing and laughter. It may be that this is an illusionary
bridge or artefact of my mind. When the distress really started
to establish itself in my guilty, furtive and definitely nervous
life, the incidents and memories, the thoughts and feelings that
they engendered, mounted up to haunt me and I felt like the
dirtiest and most disgusting of men. As a critic of James Joyce's Finnegan 's Wake once wrote, it is
when the battle
is at its height that life reveals its most shameful secrets. A
Samaritan once told me "In Jamaica they say the high wind
knows where the old house is". I merely state the connection
in my mind and my other feelings in general. I do represent the
lunatic fringe after all. I do think the connection is important,
and certainly, in the Indian form of meditation I practice,
Sahaja Yoga, we learn that feelings of guilt are quite common,
particularly in the Western world. The left vishuddhi (throat)
and left agnya (mind) chakras become blocked. What is more, and perhaps most important of all, is that I needed
to be honest
about the incidents and I needed to confess them. Confess is
perhaps the wrong
word, as I had done nothing particularly shameful, in my opinion,
but I did feel
a sort of visceral pain before I came clean. It was in areas
corresponding to the lower chakras. What would have happened to
me without confession, I wonder?
An emotional guilt equivalent of tuberculosis or some such
serious condition;
pretty horrendous schizophrenia I suspect. In James Joyce's A
Portrait of the
Artist as a Young Man, Stephen feels a great relief too after he
has made a
confession. It is so important to have someone one can talk to about
problems, and someone who can listen is perhaps the greatest
thing of all, something beyond words. It is an example of the
mysterious way we are connected inside to each other, like some
say we are dreams or prayer or what we call 'the collective' in
Sahaja yoga. Two things I have found very helpful and therapeutic over the
years, apart from
guts, grit and determination, or lack of them and those are
reading and Sahaja
yoga. I did find reading helpful, as it enabled me to cross-reference
my problems and to reduce my feelings of paranoia by comparing
myself to fictional characters. I find reading has become so much
part and parcel of my well-being that I am surprised mental
health professionals do not make use of it. There is an
innovative bibliotherapy project being made from Huddersfield
Library which received coverage in the national press, and I do
hope it continues to do good service for people with mental
health problems and that the good efforts catch on elsewhere. For coughing I found Nicholas Monsarrat's The Cruel Sea the most
beneficial.
The bullying naval officer is up to every dirty trick, including
a 'repressive
cough'. I also compare myself to the mad Roman emperor in the
television
adaptation of Robert Graves' I Claudius. He orders a Praetorian
guard to cut
off his nephew Gamellus's head for coughing in the senate. "Madness
in great
ones (ie Royalty, not me) must not unwatched go" (ex Hamlet).
I will also
mention Chekhov's A Dreary/Boring Story, where there is an
irritable/angry
cough. It does help if you can see your mental phenomena as
happening somewhere
on a scale - sure I was mad and paranoid and distracted, but I'm
sure there was
an element of unfriendliness directed against me. Something else very useful was The Deceivers by John Masters, a
fictional
account of how an Englishman infiltrated the Thuggee cult in
order to expose it
as an evil that could beset the unwary traveller in India. The
hero has to make
no mistake in feel or tone to accomplish his dangerous task, not
to fight squalor and cruelty but to become part of them. By
coincidence, these thugs killed by strangling with rumal, and I
often in my madness felt my neck fill up with a sense of guilt.
It was another aspect of my aural torment. In Sahaja yoga terms I
was catching on the left vishuddhi. In psychiatric terms it is a
delusion, a symptom. My pain was also relieved by incidents mentioned in John
Prebble's Culloden.
Culloden (1746) was a defeat and massacre for the Highlanders and
marked the
beginning of the end, and a very brutal end, with rape and
decimation and such
horrors, for the Highland way of life. The Highlands are now
quite a deserted
place, and instead of Highland Gaelic, you will hear the English
language and
the unpleasant sound of sheep" Anne McKay, a servant maid who helped a Jacobite officer escape,
and Evan
McKay, an agent carrying codes and French letters (no, not those
humble heroes
formerly supplied under the counter, like an old spy movie, in
chemists and
barbers shops, but secret messages from France, in code), both
spend time
separately and as punishment and torture, in a coffin-shaped cell
called the
Bridgehole. There, the legs would swell and the head ache in
agony from the
constant noise of hooves and feet and wheels. I once did some
local history
research in Inverness library into the curious and gruesome
little prison under
the old stone bridge. I also remember reading a book called One Of My Submarines by
Edward Young. When the author refers to enemy traffic (that is,
the shipping the submarine aims to sink), it helped me to
visualise the traffic I dreaded in a helpful way. The moral
effect of coughing and traffic I also liken to the experience of
being depth-charged, which must be terrifying. Also, I should mention a psychologist called Helen Graham who has
written about visualisation as an alternative or complementary
therapy. Her books were mentioned in an article in The Times on
pain management. Like Caroline Myss, someone very popular in The
States, she writes about chakras, which is something in common
with Sahaja yoga Knowledge of the Kundalini. It is, as Shri
Mataji once said, a kind of secret knowledge in a sense, because,
although mentioned by several saints and scholars of the Middle
Ages, it is not mentioned in Yoga Sutra or the Baghavad Gita. The cause of my problems was sexual guilt, and I have read a few
things that
have made me feel less isolated. I found Sartre's Nausea very
useful for the
incident involving pornography. Roquentin, the central character,
is very fond
of picking up "Old rags, chestnuts, bits of paper, the more
detritus on them, the better". Finnegan 's Wake, by James Joyce, particularly the battle of
Phoenix Park, was
a constructive read, although there is nothing particularly mild
or moderate
about the incident in question. Ulysses and Dubliners also by
Joyce, feature
masturbation in scenes that take place in Dublin. I believe they
alleviate sexual guilt. These works by Joyce, as you may know,
faced considerable difficulties before they were published. Shakespeare, someone else with a marvellous mind when it comes to
sexual matters, refers to 'the codding spirit' in the fifth act
of that brutal play Titus Andronicus and certainly, to use a
phrase from Measure for Measure, my own
'rebellion in a codpiece' has serious consequences for me. I wish
I could have
brushed off the experience I later went through as a light joke,
but then, as one of my community psychiatric nurses used to say,
"Life is full of ifs, buts and maybes". Still, I regret
plenty. Maybe one day I'll have a decent conversation with a
health professional about the subject of the sexual crime in
Finnegan's Wake.
There is much to rue and wail, and my dear time slips away like
sand through
an hour-glass, but I feel Joyce is worth mentioning more in
connection with my
schizophrenia. Try to appreciate his worth and his great salutary
effect. There
is, as I have mentioned, the scene at the beginning of Finnegan's
Wake, concerning the incident in The Phoenix Park in Dublin. HCE
is a less well endowed man than Bloom in Ulysses and his sexual
misdemeanour is of a worse degree.
Someone once remarked that Joyce is not always in plain English
and successive generations of researchers will need to shed light
on the texts for the unfamiliar reader. Perhaps, and I do mean
this humbly, this is a case here.
Finnegan's Wake does not run through a normal mould, let's be
honest. Ezra
Pound said that 'nothing short of divine vision or a new cure for
the clap can
possibly be worth all the circumambient peripherization'. In my
case it does
have an uplifting effect, but it is not simple to have to read
all that material. I confess that I found the plain English description of the
passage given in the
introduction by Seamus Deane more useful. It really was very
helpful. One of my acquaintances, a most well-read man, said he
studied The Wake for two years with guidance from a professor of
English at the University of Sussex. He said that people read the
first couple of pages of this book - probably the best book
you'll ever read - and don't have the foggiest what James Joyce
is on about. I find that scene is like a spiritual treasure for
me but, unfortunately, unwilling as I was to reveal to my friend
that I had schizophrenia, I could not
tell him this. Such is the nature of the beast in this illness -
it's very much a case of keeping below the parapet and moving
around at 'hope your head doesn't get blown off' height. I should mention that James Joyce was on holiday in Bognor Regis
in the summer of 1923 shortly before he began work on what he
then called "Here Comes Everybody". There is a
commemorative blue plaque near the beach and not far from Belmont
Street, High Street and the theatre. I understand that a fishing
rod in use on the pier (yes, dear reader, the one from which the
adventurous birdmen launch themselves in the remarkable Bognor
birdman rally) becomes inevitably phallused in the text. Phallic
symbols abound in the wake: pens, telescopes, fingers, monuments
and here Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker's rod. Earwicker is a name
that appears on a gravestone in Sidlesham churchyard, on the
Manhood peninsular. I've been there. The Bognor scene was
intended at the start of the novel, but was subsequently replaced
by the battle of Waterloo/Phoenix Park sequence. Barnham, where I first took fright of passing vehicles on the B2233,
is a West
Sussex village whose postal town is Bognor Regis. That's my
connection with
Irish letters, I lived in Barnham. I also spent over a year in
supported
accommodation for mental health patients while "recovering"
in Bognor Regis,
and I attended the mental health centre in Bognor. I don't know why James Joyce should have been in Bognor. I
thought he was
supposed to be in Trieste or Paris, in exile, working. Perhaps it
is something to do with his daughter Lucia, who "lived out"
a schizophrenic existence
somewhere in the south of England. Lucia eventually committed
suicide. What
can one say, schizophrenic patient kills herself, that's not
news, that's not a
sensation. Sahaja yoga alternates medical problems, again, not
sensational. Dr
Fadel guilty of attempted rape, newsworthy. His patient stumbles
on a cure for
sexual guilt, not worth a bean, old boy. In any case, he was a long way from Phoenix Park in Dublin. I
hope my sexual
"crime" is more like being "soundly soccered"
as a "fenemine Parish poser"
rather than that of someone whose rightful place is in a highly
criminal
establishment. Different, yes, but similar. Christ was not a
criminal, but he died on a criminal's cross, one of the lowest
symbols of the Roman Empire. In
Sahaja yoga, we saw that Jesus and Mother Mary are associated
with the agnya
chakra, the mind. The Kundalini (the Holy Spirit) must battle
through the
different chakras, including the mind, on its journey and ascent
from the sacrum
bone to the top of the head, the Brahmandhra, where there is true
union, or
yoga, with God. My mind certainly took a whack in that pharmacy
in Heathfield
and my Kundalini, my soul, must have been badly hurt. In the end
I collapsed
and had a frightening and hellish vision of the end of the world,
which, perhaps
naturally, I tried to save. It has often been pointed out by commentators that Freud and
Joyce had the
"same" name (Freude in German means "joy").
Well, I can't say I really know
much about Freud, the odd bit, I suppose, but I can recommend
both Joyce and
Sahaja yoga to you and both may bring you a measure of joy. Ulysses, which again prompts the confession that I haven't read
the whole book,
in particular the scene on Sandymount Strand, blew away a few of
those dirty
old cobwebs and eased my sense of sexual guilt. Ulysses was a
taboo book in
many places, and finally the ban in America was lifted in the
same month that
saw the end of prohibition of alcohol. An important novel from
the point of
view of free expression and free letters, Ulysses has been
described by some as
the best book of the 21st century. Can we say that the end of the
ban, allowing
the book to be admitted to the States, was an important day for
the spirit? James Joyce spent well over ten years writing each of his books,
sixteen in the
case of Finnegan's Wake, and he suggested his readers would do
well to spend
the same amount of time in reading them. In his book Surviving
Schizophrenia,
E Fuller Torrey MD describes James Joyce as a very interesting
case from the
psychological point of view, an interesting study in
psychopathology. Carl Jung
commented that James Joyce was diving in waters where his
daughter, Lucia,
who suffered tragically from schizophrenia, was drowning. A very interesting medical paper was once published regarding my
hero, 'A
Portrait of the Artist as a Schizoid 1. It was perhaps not the
most flattering
piece you might read, but I mention it not because I valorise the
opinion, but
because it does help to push awareness of James Joyce and the
issue of mental
illness. Ah! The strength of the opposition. Save me from them,
the grave and
wise. Someone wrote a short poem once, entitled 'Who Killed James
Joyce?'.
Well, I hope not me. I have spent a lot of time, and I still do
spend time,
wondering whether people are genuine and honest, or whether in
the subtle
shades and complexities of life, people very much guilty of
meanness, jealousy,
selfishness, snobbery and hatred, nonetheless manage to disguise
their inner
feelings and motives, and present a mask to the world that
conceals a multitude
of evils. This line of thought surely can only lead to further
madness and
feelings of persecution. Still, some of the most positive men are
also the most
credulous. You may be a man, kind, warm, independent and
generous, but that
doesn't mean everyone else is. In passing, and in the spirit of two for the price of one, or buy
one get one free, I should mention again A Portrait of the Artist
As a Young Man, and in particular one quote, from the hell-fire
sermon, 'God spoke to you be so many voices, but you would not
hear'. Speaking as one who has suffered from schizophrenia and
the horrors of paranoia that infect the soul, I found this novel
very useful for my problem with interior voices2. A real gem of a
work, I hold it to be wonderful for the sense of the awakening
spirit. Towards the end of the novel, in the last chapter, Joyce
was preparing a bridge to connect with Ulysses. "Important for human spiritual development" - certainly.
Good for schizophrenia - it helped to dispel gloom and darkness
in my case. There is also the James Joyce centre in Dublin, and
the Internet site, www.jamesjoyce.ie. Ulysses and the other works
should never have been banned, proscribed. I feel that if there
is a gateway to the understanding of mental health states like
schizophrenia, it will come through writers like James Joyce. As
Harriet Stowe Weaver, one of his patrons, said, his writing was
quite medicinal, very good for the soul. He was certainly a Good
Samaritan figure to me. I also found Sahaja yoga, a non-physical form of meditation, very
useful. This
was a lifeline for me and very calming and heartening in my
troubled and anxious state. I used to meditate regularly and I
still do, and I carry a photograph of the guru, Shri Mataji
Ninnala Devi (Lady Srivastava), who initiated the movement. I
have also been Christian, even before I was fed to the lions, but
Sahaja yoga was godsent. It brought religion very much to life
for me. Nowadays it can be accessed via the internet on www.sahajayoga.org.uk,
and we believe that pictures of the guru are like icons in their
power. It is also a free thing I have a small piece in the
experiences sections of another site, www.divineknowledge.co.uk.
In Russia, Sahaja yoga has been recognised by
many and even called Nirmala CEIB technology by one institute. It
is good that
research is being done into Sahaja yoga. It is simple and it can
do wonders. I
commend it to you. English doctors and English people in general
are not very
easy to convince, as we know in Sahaja yoga, but it is good stuff.
I am very
grateful for it. I sometimes try to weigh up the pros and cons of approaching the
mental health
service for help, or in several cases having that help given to
me under section. I don't personally find all its people that
credible, but that's life and I do understand that my case does
stray over the boundaries of convention and sexual reticence.
There's nothing particularly reticent about the way some
people do actually behave but I've never found too much fellow
feeling from my listeners. I am resentful and bitter, as it
wasn't actually the psychiatrists
who were being pulled apart (like Germany and Russia did to
Warsaw and Poland) and I do wonder about the ghosts that must
haunt mental health system establishments. My belief is that my
case was partly molecular, in that
schizophrenia affects neural transmission, but mainly of moral
origin. A friend
of our family, a retired GP, once commented that it helps if you
can see the
world and its stage as being at one and the same time both comic
and tragic.
This certainly holds for me. I've never liked the set-up of
psychiatry and also
the high emphasis placed on drugs, even the newer atypical types.
At college
I did not opt for the extra module on neuropharmacology (psychiatry)
and so my
dosing with knowledge of the centrally acting drugs and anti-psychotic
medication is probably no more than your average pharmacist, but
I do have
personal experience. Basically I won't be happy until the Senate
and Roman
people have apologised for the unfair and cruel way 'they' have
treated me. I
don't think that will ever happen. So I live in a kind of quiet
desperation. I
believe my case could be an important reference point for
psychiatry, but is this, as my former psychiatrist said, a
grandiose, over-valued idea? I don't quite know how to end this piece. The matter has had no
closure for me.
I have not made my quietus with it. What would be a commodius
vicus (words
from the opening sentence of Finnegan's Wake, meaning, I think, a
convenient
place), a suitable way to finish. Well, perhaps this, that I
consider these
episodes to be of life and death importance. Much as I feel that
my experience
of voices in schizophrenia was a potentially lethal one. Once I
thought I heard
the voice of Sigmund Freud telling me to commit suicide. Shri
Mataji, my guru, once gave her opinion of Freud, that he was weak
and characterless, and that is very heartening to hear, as the
experience of his voice and others left quite a cicatrice in my
mind. It was either Ken Dodd or Mahatma Gandhi, who used to seek
the opinion of Ninnala Devi when she was a young girl on his
ashram, who said that the trouble with Freud was, he never played
second house on a Friday night at the Glasgow emporium. The
manager who gave me such a harsh critical appraisal hailed from
near Glasgow, and I think I know what the joke is. It's all about
vigour, aggression, warmth and humour, honesty, leadership,
courage and manliness, and while I may have wanted all those
characteristics myself in my precarious position, I have to
concede that the opposition better me in every department. In a
sense, it wasn't really schizophrenia I had, but the cause of my
death would have been l(a) poor man management with sexual guilt
as additional factor. The trouble is that while all this rubbish
is going on in one's head, one has to concentrate on life outside
the real world, which in my case involved responding to
prescriptions, dispensing and checking medicines, themselves of
life and death importance, on the very spot where the second
incident happened. It may be taken three months of misery but my
spirit broke, it snapped inside, and I broke down. Schizophrenia
and paranoia had taken hold. I had a fit of involuntary shouting
and my body went into a kind of fit. I went into hospital and lost my job and split up with my
girlfriend. Is mine an
individual malady of soul, or will I, like Stephen in A Portrait,
be shocked to
find one day that there are others like me? Hush, it's all probably nothing, just be quiet and keep taking
the tablets ... river run, past Eve and Adam's, from swerve of
shore to bend of bay, brings us to a commodius vicus of
recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs. And if we find ourselves at the second house, Friday night at the
Glasgow Emporium, you're on first. 1 NJC Andreasen. "James Joyce: A Portrait of the Artist as a
Schizoid". Journal of the American Medical Association. 224
(1973): 65-71.
2 Andrew L. Voices. Bishop John Robinson Fellowship newsletter.
Issue 12,March 2002. Published by the Spiritual and Pastoral Care
Service at the Maudsley Hospital. ISSN 1475-746X.